Biocides

Biocides

Biocidal products for water treatment

What is a biocide?

A biocide is a chemical treatment that is formulated to effectively control microbial growth. Problems caused by un-controlled microbial growth can range from health hazards, the breakdown of chemicals, the development of biofilms , heat transfer losses, restriction of flow and under deposit corrosion.

It is therefore critical that the correct biocidal treatment regime is implemented and regular checks are carried out to ensure that microbial population in a wide range of systems including drinking water, down water services, process waters, closed circuits, recreational waters and open cooling systems are kept under control.

The control of microbial growth is generally achieved by ensuring systems are cleaned on start up and regularly as required, preventing contamination of systems and dosing with a biocide either on a continuous basis or via a programme of shock dosing.

Types of biocide

There are two basic types of biocides: oxidising and non-oxidising. Oxidising biocides include; chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, bromine and ozone. Non-oxidising biocides include: quaternary ammonium compounds, Bronopol, THPS, DBNPA and Gluteraldehyde.

When selecting a biocide for use in a system whether as a biocidal flush biocide, maintenance dose biocide or a shock dose biocide a number of factors need to be considered including: contact time, concentration, temperature, pH, compatability, efficacy against microbes present in the system and cost effectiveness. Our technical department can advise on biocide selection.

Oxidising biocide

Oxidising biocides can generally be used at lower concentrations than non-oxidising biocides and their use tends to be more cost effective.

Among our core chemicals is UX40 a proprietary active chlorine solution that rapidly kills water borne bacteria, as well as breaking down the biofilms that harbour the pathogens in water systems . It is extremely effective against planktonic and sessile microorganisms at very low concentrations, making it ideal for use in water hygiene and pipework treatment applications where it quickly eradicates Legionella. Pseudomonas and other microbes.

Our core range of oxidising biocides is outlined below:

Product code	Application	Composition	Benefit
CHLORINE BASED
ZI1103 VX40	Microbial control and biofilm removal in domestic/industrial water and ancillaries	Stable active halogen liquid	DWI approved formulation (up to 1ppm active) for continuous dosing of potable water and down water services. Straightforward proportional dosing system available. Safe, effective and easy to use solution.
ZI102	Used to disinfect tanks, down water service pipework and potable water systems	14/15% Sodium hypochlorite liquid	Extremely effective oxidising biocide used for tank, down water services and potable water system disinfection. Neutralise with sodium thiosulphate prior to discharge.
ZI54	A chlorine based biocide + biodispersant for the treatment of cooling towers	14/15% sodium hypochlorite + biodispersant	Dosed 1:1 with ZI55 to generate hypobromous acid. Contains biodispersant for dispersal of biofilm and prevention of the build up of biofilm in open cooling systems.
ZI1037	A chlorine based biocide + antiscalant	14/15% sodium hypochlorite + antiscalant	Contains 15% sodium hypochlorite. Extremely effective oxidising biocide.This product is particularly useful in hard water areas where the antiscalant in the formulation nhibits scale formation in injection ports.
ZI92	Suitable for a wide range of disinfection applications	Chlorine tablets. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate	Small tablets enable accurate dosing. Fast dissolving tablets. Straight forward dosing calculations ie1 tablet gives 1 ppm in 1000 litres.
ZI125	Suitable for a wide range of disinfection applications	Chlorine tablets. Contain trichloro isocyanuric acid	Slowly reacts with water to release chlorine. Suitable for a wide range of applications. Slow release 20g tablets.
ZI126	Suitable for a wide range of disinfection applications	Chlorine tablets. Contain trichloro isocyanuric acid	Slowly reacts with water to release chlorine. Suitable for a wide range of applications. Very slow release 200g tablets.
ZI1111	Suitable for a wide range of disinfection applications	Calcium hypochlorite granules	Easy to use, rapid dissolving chlorine source.
ZI1014	Suitable for a wide range of disinfection applications	Calcium hypochlorite tablets	Tablet form of ZI1111.
BROMINE BASED
ZI476	For the continuous treatment of cooling towers and water features	Bromine tablets PT11. A mixture of brominated and chlorinated hydantoins	The product should be dosed using a purpose built brominator to ensure good dose control. This may be manually controlled, but the use of timers or redox control is preferred.
ZI1422	For the continuous treatment of cooling towers	Sodium Bromide solution	A solution of sodium bromide for the treatment of cooling towers. Dosed 1:1 with ZI54 to generate Hypobromous acid.
ZI138	For the continuous treatment of cooling towers	Concentrated sodium bromide solution	A solution of sodium bromide for the treatment of cooling towers. Dosed 1:3 with ZI54 to generate hypobromous acid.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE / PERACETIC ACID BASED
ZI659	Used to disinfect tanks, down water service pipework and potable water systems	Silver stabilised hydrogen peroxide	Broad spectrum biocide. Effectively removes biofilm. Can be dosed into down water services systems at recommended dose rate where it will break down into water and oxygen. DWI regulation 31 approved for potable system disinfection although this product must be flushed out of all potable systems following disinfection and prior to system use.
ZI103	CIP procedures and down water services disinfections	Hydrogen peroxide	Useful in the cleaning of complex CIP routes where flow and high soiling are a problem eg. heat exchangers, brewery paraflows, cask rackers, fillers, filters etc. can also be used in down water services disinfection.
ZI392	Softener resin disinfection. Food and Drinks industry sanitiser applications	Peracetic acid	Rapid acting broad spectrum biocide. Suitable for brewery, dairy and soft drinks terminal rinse sanitiser applications.

Chlorine dioxide

Chlorine dioxide is an excellent broad spectrum oxidising biocide which is It is effective at low concentrations and is used in a large number of applications such as disinfection, sanitisation and water treatment. It has more than 2.5 times the oxidising capability of chlorine and requires a lower contact time. Chlorine dioxide is effective in alkaline conditions (pH <10) whereas biocide such as sodium hypochlorite lose activity quickly as the pH rises and are not suitable for use at pH >8. One of the main advantages of using chlorine dioxide is that, unlike most other biocides, it is able to destroy biofilm

Chlorine dioxide does not generally react with other water treatment chemicals or with nitrogen compounds including ammonia and naturally occurring organic materials such as organic acids.

Chlorine dioxide is widely approved for many applications including the treatment of potablewater, hospital water systems and food process sanitation.

Product code	Application	Composition	Benefit
ZI119	Dosed 1:1 with ZI123 through a chlorine dioxide generator to produce chlorine dioxide	9% Hydrochloric acid	Coloured pink with a food safe colourant for health and safety purposes and ease of identification. Supplied in a clear drum with a red cap.
ZI123	Dosed 1:1 with ZI19 through a chlorine dioxide generator to produce chlorine dioxide	An 8% solution of sodium chlorite	Supplied in a clear drum with a blue cap.
*ZI1053 ZI1054**	Used to disinfect tanks, down water service pipework and potable water systems	Stabilised chlorine dioxide solution. Activated on site using activator supplied	Chlorine dioxide is an effective disinfectant and biofilm remover. Generates a 1% solution of chlorine dioxide when activated. A wide range of applications.
ZI1304 – ChloroKlean	Ideal for use when a source of chlorine dioxide is required for small scale disinfection applications	Chlorine dioxide tablets	Easy to use source of chlorine dioxide. When added to water the tablet dissolves initiating a reaction that yields chlorine dioxide. One tablet in I. litre of water gives 2000 ppm chlorine dioxide.

ZI19 and ZI123 are standard solutions used in the industry for the generation of chlorine dioxide through a chlorine dioxide generator. Our range also comprises a number of other strengths of both products for use in this application. Please contact our technical department for further information.

Non-oxidising biocide

Constant use of just a single non oxidising biocide, may result in establishment of a resistant flora in the system being treated. This will then result in microbiological fouling of the water system. The typical solution for this problem is routine alternation of two, or more, non oxidising biocides in a closed system or open cooling system.

Product code	Application	Composition	Benefit
ZI585 PSEUDOKILL	For biocidal flushing and closed system protection. Can be dosed with high pH inhibitors	Proprietary	Low toxicity. Very stable biocide for use with high pH nitrite based inhibitors. Excellent against Pseudomonas spp. Optimal biocidal activity after 24 – 48 hrs contact. Effective over a pH range pH 8.0 to 11.0. Stable up to 80°C. Test kit available.
ZI1532	For flushing and system protection in closed systems	ITA blend	Does not contain copper stabiliser. Effective over a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5. Stable up to 50°C
ZI595	For flushing and system protection in open and closed systems	ITA/BNP blend	Very effective against NRB’s. Effective over a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5. Stable up to 50°C.
ZI105	For system protection in open and closed systems	BNP	A broad-spectrum bactericide. Low toxicity. Effective over a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0. Stable up to 40°C.
ZI1507	For flushing and system protection in open and closed systems	Glutaraldehyde	Has a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria and their spores. fungi. also effective against sulphite reducing bacteria (SRB) Effective over a pH range pH 6.5 to 9.0. Stable up to 60°C. Rapid biocidal action.
ZI254	For system protection in open and closed systems	THPS	A broad-spectrum product, very effective against SPB’s. Effective over a broad pH Range 3 -10. Stable up to 60°C.
ZI1528	For system protection in open and closed systems	Proprietary	A highly effective non-oxidising biocide containing a synergistic combination of biocides. Ideal for use in closed circuit systems. Effective against. Pseudomonas spp and Sulphate-reducing bacteria. Effective over a pH range of 6. to 8.5. Stable up to 50°C.
ZI63	Effective biocide + biodispersant for use in open cooling systems	Concentrated THPS based biocide & biodispersant	Low toxicity. Excellent against Pseudomonas ssp, Legionella spp and algae. Concentrated formulation. The biodispersant in the formulation enhances biocidal activity, removes biofilm and prevents the formation of additional biofilm.
ZI529	For system protection in open and closed systems	DBNPA	Has a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria and their spores. fungi. also effective against Legionella spp. Rapid biocidal action.
ZI67	Effective biocide + biodispersant for use in open cooling systems. Can also be used for surface disinfection and fogging applications.	Quaternary ammonium chloride	A broad spectrum disinfectant and biocide. Effective against Legionella. Effective in heavily soiled systems. Good surfactant properties. Rapid biocidal action.
ZI1441	Used in industrial recirculating water systems potential food contact applications, pasteurisers. air washers and other heat transfer systems.	DBNPA	A rapid acting biocidal product effective against a wide range of bacteria including Legionella. algae and fungi. Breaks down to relatively low toxicity end products.
ZI119	For use as a terminal sanitiser and in potential food contact applications.	Polymeric biguanide hydrochloride	Low foaming. Effective against fungi and yeasts. Can be dosed into closed systems where incidental food contact is possible.
ZI1433	For use as a terminal sanitiser and in potential food contact applications	Polymeric biguanide hydrochloride. Dilution of BV119	Low foaming. Effective against fungi and yeasts. Can be dosed into closed systems where incidental food contact is possible.
ZI1432	Used for the control of micro-organisms in industrial cooling water systems	An aqueous solution of a dithiocarbamate	A rapid acting broad spectrum biocide. Proven efficacy against a wide range of bacteria including Legionella spp. Bacillus spp. Staphylococcus aureus and various Pseudomonas strains as well as against a number of fungi including Aspergillis niger and yeasts such as Candida krusei and Saccharomyces bailii.
ZI1011	Used for the control of bacteria. odours. sludge and blockages in small water tanks and air conditioning systems	Tablet biocide.quaternary ammonium compound	Non-hazardous and non-corrosive. Totally soluble: leaves no residue
ZI66	Algaecide	Contains a polymeric quatemary ammonium compound	Very effective algaecide for use in open cooling systems and swimming pools

Biodispersants

Biodispersants do not kill organisms but they do break up any deposits of microorganisms allowing the biocides to attack the organisms more effectively. They also inhibit the attachment of microorganisms to metal surfaces.

Product code	Application	Composition	Benefit
ZI14	Open cooling systems	Concentrated biodispersant	Extremely low foaming. Improves the effectiveness of any biocide programme.
ZI963	Open cooling systems	Biodispersant	Extremely low foaming. Improves the effectiveness of any biocide programme.
ZI167 Oilsperse 3	Biofilm dispersant Applications include oil removal in cooling towers and biofilm removal in closed systems.	Contains a tow foaming surfactant.	Compatible with anionic and cationic species. Use in conjunction with an appropriate biocide. Biofilm removed from pipework surfaces in closed circuit systems will be removed so the system must be assessed prior to use to ensure that dislodged biofilm can be removed from the system efficiently.

One of the main driving forces behind the current availability and future availability of biocidal actives in the water treatment and other industries is the The Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR, Regulation (EU) 528/2012). At all times our Regulatory experts ensure that we and our customers are fully compliant with all requirements of the BPR regulations

For further guidance on our biocidal evaluations and costings please contact our technical team.

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